Sektorziele des Bundesklimaschutzgesetzes für den Gebäudebereich verfehlt

Vanessa Schröder • Jun 24, 2021

Kürzlich hat das Umweltbundesamt die lange erwarteten Emissionsdaten aus dem Jahr 2020 veröffentlicht. Wirklich unerwartet ist das Ergebnis jedoch nicht.


Zwar konnten wir eine Reduktion von 8,7 % (die größte seit dem Jahr der deutschen Einheit 1990) erreichen, aber auf diesem Erfolg kann sich hinsichtlich der extremen Corona-Einschränkungen niemand drauf ausruhen. Etwa ein Drittel der Minderungen lassen sich nämlich auf die Corona-Pandemie zurückzuführen, vor allem im Verkehrs- und Energiebereich.

Wie sieht es im Gebäudesektor aus?

Im Jahr 2020 konnten die Emissionen um gut 3 Mio. Tonnen CO2-Äquivalenten (minus 2,8 %) auf 120 Mio. Tonnen CO2-Äquivalenten gemindert werden. Trotzdem überschreitet der Gebäudesektor damit sein Maximum gemäß Klimaschutzgesetz, das bei 118 Mio. Tonnen CO2-Äquivalenten lag.  


Auch wenn der Brennstoffverbrauch im Bereich Gewerbe, Handel und Dienstleistungen gesunken ist (13,5 %), stiegen dagegen die Emissionen in den Haushalten leicht an.


Bundesumweltministerin Svenja Schulze kündigte daher weitere rasche Maßnahmen im Gebäudesektor an.

 

Und welcher Sektor erreicht seine Ziele?

Den größten Emissionsrückgang verzeichnet die Energiewirtschaft mit einer Minderung um 14,5 % (38 Mio. Tonnen CO2-Äquivalenten). Mit ihren rund 221 Mio. Tonnen CO2 lag dieser Sektor deutlich unter der im Bundesklimaschutzgesetz erlaubten Jahresemissionsmenge von 280 Mio. Tonnen.


Dafür gibt es laut UBA mehrere Gründe:

  • Der niedrigere Weltmarktpreis für Gas
  • Der höhere Einsatz von Erneuerbaren Energien von 45 % am ⁠Bruttostromverbrauch⁠
  • Der Rückgang des Bruttostromverbrauchs um mehr als vier Prozent
  • Die Überführung weitere Braunkohle-Kraftwerksblöcke in die Sicherheitsbereitschaft im Herbst 2019
  • Die erfolgreiche Reform des europäischen Emissionshandels, die zu höheren CO2-Preisen geführt hat


Der Durchschnittspreis für eine Tonne CO2 lag 2020 nämlich trotz Wirtschaftskrise bei etwa 25 Euro.

Dadurch war der Betrieb von Kohlekraftwerken häufig teurer als der von Gaskraftwerken, die weniger CO2 emittieren. Hier hat die CO2-Bepreisung also die volle Wirkung gezeigt.


Der begonnene Kohleausstieg und die ersten Abschaltungen von Braun- und Steinkohlekraftwerken Ende 2020 wird sich wohl erst in der Klimabilanz 2021 deutlich bemerkbar machen.

 

Welche Änderungen kommen mit dem neuen Bundesklimaschutzgesetz?

In diesem Jahr wurden die Emissionsdaten im Rahmen des neuen Bundesklimaschutzgesetzes vorgelegt. Ab 2020 soll dieses jährlich, kontinuierlich sinkende Jahresemissionsmengen für die Sektoren Energiewirtschaft, Industrie, Verkehr, Gebäude, Landwirtschaft und Abfallwirtschaft und Sonstige festlegen. Außerdem werden die Daten zukünftig vom neu eingerichteten Expertenrat für Klimafragen überprüft. Dieser soll dann innerhalb eines Monats eine Bewertung der Daten vorlegen.


Anschließend hat das Bundesbauministerium laut Gesetz drei Monate Zeit, ein Sofortprogramm aufzustellen, das den Gebäudesektor zurück auf den Zielpfad bringen sollen.

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