Warum Dekarbonisierungsstrategien das Potenzial haben, den Immobilienmarkt zu verändern

Ingemar Hunold • Apr 13, 2021

Die Begrenzung des durchschnittlichen globalen Temperaturanstiegs auf 1,5°C und eine klimaneutrale Wirtschaft bis 2050 bilden die Herzstücke des Pariser Klimaabkommens. Mittlerweile haben sie auch Eingang in die Immobilienbranche gefunden. 


Der Großteil der ESG-Aktivitäten in den vergangenen Jahren war vor allem darauf ausgerichtet, die notwendigen Grundlagen zu schaffen - wie z.B. die Entwicklung interner Richtlinien, Veränderungsprozesse unter Mitarbeitern, die allgemeine Einbeziehung von Stakeholdern sowie die Aufnahme von Datenmanagementprozessen. Dabei scheint die Branche wichtige Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung des CO2-Fußabdrucks stark vernachlässigt zu haben. Die jüngst zur Verfügung stehenden GRESB-Daten unterstreichen dies, mit einer erreichten CO2-Reduktion von nur 2,66% bei allen Teilnehmern. 


Bereits im Jahr 2017 forderte der World Green Building Council in seiner Publikation "From Thousands to Billions - Coordinated Action towards 100% Net Zero Carbon Buildings By 2050" einen ehrgeizigen Wandel hin zu einem vollständig klimaneutralen Gebäudebestand. Seitdem haben die landeseigenen Green Building Council und führende Vertreter der Industrie begonnen, das Konzept des Net-Zero-Carbon unter Formulierung der folgenden beiden zentralen Ziele aufzugreifen: 


  • Alle Neubauten müssen ab 2030 klimaneutral betrieben werden.
  • 100% der Gebäude müssen bis 2050 klimaneutral sein.


Die Entwicklungen der Immobilienbranche in den letzten 12 Monaten haben aufgezeigt, dass Net-Zero zu einem der heißesten Themen in der aktuellen ESG-Debatte avanciert ist. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf Risikoanalysen von Investoren sowie Fonds- und Vermögensverwaltern. Kohlendioxid wird endlich als Übergangsrisiko zu einer klimaneutralen Wirtschaft eingestuft. Mit Hilfe von Dekarbonisierungsstrategien für Fonds und Assets kann dieses Risiko bewertet und angemessen gesteuert werden. Das folgende Diagramm zeigt vereinfacht auf, wie eine solche Strategie gestaltet werden kann und welche Elemente sie erfordert:

Bei der Erstellung einer solchen langfristigen Strategie - einschließlich wissenschaftsbasierter CO2-

Reduktionsziele - für ein Asset oder einen ganzen Fonds, geht das Spektrum der möglichen Aktivitäten und Initiativen über die derzeitigen Asset-Management-Aktivitäten mit einem typischen Horizont von fünf, zehn oder 15 Jahren hinaus. Sie berücksichtigt auch langfristige Auswirkungen, wie z.B. die Entwicklung der Energieinfrastruktur an bestimmten Standorten, mit denen das Gebäude verbunden ist oder zukünftig verbunden werden könnte. Auch die Chancen, die sich aus dem erforderten Austausch von Gebäudeteilen am Ende des Lebenszyklus ergeben, können in dieser Art von Strategie berücksichtigt werden.

 

Die Einführung des Konzepts der Dekarbonisierungsstrategien in die alltägliche Geschäftspraxis von Fonds- und Asset-Management wird letztlich zu einem proaktiveren als reaktiven Gebäudemanagement führen und birgt daher großes Potenzial, den Markt nachhaltig zu verändern. 


Doch ist Net-Zero das ultimative Ziel? 
Das Erreichen eines Net Zero-Gebäudebestands als Ganzes bedeutet, dass ein erheblicher Anteil der Gebäude klimapositiv anstatt nur klimaneutral werden muss. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass Gebäude, die den Net-Zero-Pfad durch gesonderte Umstände einschränken, eine Lücke entstehen lassen werden, die durch andere Gebäude wieder geschlossen werden muss. Hinzu kommt, dass auch die CO2-Bilanz des Neubau-Sektors in Betracht gezogen werden muss. 


Die Diskussion über proaktives Management des bestehenden Gebäudebestands sowie die tatsächlich benötigte Menge an Neubauten wird intensiver geführt werden müssen. Unabhängig davon werden wir über Net-Zero hinausgehen und Lösungen für klimapositive Gebäude erarbeiten müssen, wenn wir gesunde und nachhaltige Lebensräume für jeden schaffen wollen. Letztendlich geht es nicht nur um Gebäude, sondern viel mehr um die darin lebenden Menschen. 


Wenn Sie Ihre Net Zero/Dekarbonisierungsstrategie oder eines der anderen Themen in diesem Artikel besprechen möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an das ES-Team, das Ihnen gerne weiterhilft.



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